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本文选自TheWallStreetJournal-02-21

NewevidencefromChinaisaffirmingwhatepidemiologistshavelongsuspected:ThecoronaviruslikelybeganspreadingunnoticedaroundtheWuhanareainNovember,beforeitexplodedinmultipledifferentlocationsthroughoutthecityinDecember.ChineseauthoritieshaveidentifiedconfirmedCovid-19casesaroundthecityfromDecember,saidWorldHealthOrganizationresearchers,enoughtosuggestthereweremanymoremild,asymptomaticorotherwiseundetectedcasesthanpreviouslythought.Manyofthecaseshadnoknownconnectiontothemarketthatwasinitiallyconsideredthesourceoftheoutbreak,accordingtoinformationgatheredbyWHOinvestigatorsduringthefour-weekmissiontoChinatoexaminetheoriginsofthevirus.ChineseauthoritiesdeclinedtogivetheWHOteamrawdataonthesecasesandpotentialearlierones,teammemberssaid.

来自中国的新证据证实了流行病学家长期以来的怀疑:年11月,新冠病毒很可能在不被注意的情况下开始在武汉地区蔓延,然后在12月武汉的多个不同地点爆发。世界卫生组织(WorldHealthOrganization)研究人员表示,自年12月以来,中国当局已在全市发现例Covid-19确诊病例,这足以表明比此前认为的轻症、无症状或其他未发现病例多得多。世界卫生组织调查人员在对中国进行为期四周的病毒源头调查期间收集的信息显示,例病例中有许多与最初被认为是疫情源头的市场没有已知联系。小组成员说,中国当局拒绝向世卫组织小组提供这些病例的原始数据和可能的早期病例。

Inexamining13geneticsequencesofthevirusfromDecember,Chineseauthoritiesfoundsimilarsequencesamongthoselinkedtothemarket,butslightdifferencesinthoseofpeoplewithoutanytiestoit,accordingtotheWHOinvestigators.Thetwosetslikelybegantodivergebetweenmid-NovemberandearlyDecember,butcouldpossiblyindicateinfectionsasfarbackasSeptember,saidMarionKoopmans,aDutchvirologistontheWHOteam.This,andotherevidence,suggestCovid-19mighthavejumpedtohumanssometimeduringorshortlybeforethesecondhalfofNovember,shesaid,sickeningtoofewpeopletoattractattentionuntilitledtoanexplosiveoutbreakinWuhan.ByDecember,theviruswasspreadingmuchmorewidely.“Theremusthavebeenmany,manymorecasesinDecemberthatpeopledidn’tknoworrecognize,”saidDominicDwyer,anAustralianmicrobiologistontheWHOteam.

世卫组织调查人员说,在对去年12月的13个病毒基因序列进行检查时,中国当局在与市场有关联的人群中发现了类似的序列,但在与该病毒没有任何关联的人群中发现了细微差异。世卫组织小组的荷兰病毒学家MarionKoopmans说,这两组数据可能在11月中旬到12月初之间开始出现分歧,但可能表明早在9月份就出现了感染。她说,这和其他证据表明,Covid-19可能在11月下半月的某个时间或前不久传染给了人类,导致患病的人太少,以至于无法引起注意,直到它导致武汉爆发爆炸性疫情。到12月,病毒的传播范围大大扩大。世卫组织团队的澳大利亚微生物学家多米尼克·德怀尔(DominicDwyer)说:“12月份肯定还有很多很多人们不知道或不认识的病例。”

Theseassessments,offeredbysixWHOresearchersinterviewedbyTheWallStreetJournal,painta



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